Negozio adimenetik adimen artifizialera

Doktoretza-tesi hau pyme baten transformazio digitalaren adibide argia da teknologia berriak erabiliz, zehazki proiektuan zehar, negozio-adimeneko prozesuetan oinarritutako kudeaketaren migrazioa ahalbidetu da adimen artifizialeko prozesuen automatizazio gidaturantz. Lan benetan konplexua da, enpresa baten ohiko prozesuetan edozein aldaketak langileengan barne gaitzespena eragiten baitu normalean, zaila baita gainditzen proiekturako zuzendaritzaren laguntzarik gabe. Gaur egun, enpresa guztiek etengabeko borroka dute aldaketaren aurka, prozesuetan, bezeroetan eta baita negozio-ildoetan ere. Aldaketara egokitzeko gai ez diren enpresak, sufritzera kondenatuak daude, baita haien desagerpena ere. Aldaketara egokitzeko gaitasun ona, zalantzarik gabe, gure egungo munduan bizirik irauteko bermea da.

Proiektu hau Espainiako enpresa zehatz batean sortu zen, COMPANY-002, komertzialki ezaguna COMPANY-002. Nitxo-bidaietarako agentzia txiki bat, berrikuntza teknologikoaren bidez bere etorkizunari ausardiaz aurre egiten ziona. Proiektua sortu zen unean, enpresa une gozo batean bizi zen, non negozio-adimenaren teknikak erabiliz prozesu analitikoak inplementatu besterik ez zen egin behar, batez ere erabakiak hartzeari eusteko txosten analitikoen sorrera. Bizi izandako pandemia, erronka handia eta proiektuaren azeleratzaile argia izan zen, beharrezkoa zen negozioa, alde guztietatik, ezegonkortasun handiko egoera berri batera egokitzea. Gaur egun, enpresa adimen artifizialeko prozesu automatikoek gidatzen dute, eta, zehazki, salmenta-prozesua optimizatzeko aukera ematen dute, erosteko joera handiena duten bezeroen detekzioa eta tratamendu egokia hobetuz. Esan dezakegu: COMPANY-002 ulertu du aldaketarako egokitze ona dela gaur egun biziraupenaren gakoa.

Inteligentzia artifizialeko prozesu analitiko berri hauek produkzio-ingurunean, sistema berri baten gainean hedatu dira. SYSTEM-TH-001. Sistema honek ERP eta CRM tradizionalen funtzionaltasunak nahasten ditu, bezeroen kudeaketa osoa ahalbidetzen baitute enpresan duten bizi-ziklo osoan, etab.

Eredu analitikoek sortutako adimena eta erabakiak hartzea optimizatzeko enplegatuen eskura jartzea baztertuz. Gaur egun, enpresa indartsuagoa da, eraginkorragoa eta erreilientziarako gaitasun handia du, eta horiek dira adimen artifizialaren neurrira inplementatzean gidatu gaituzten balioetako batzuk. Orain, bezero eta langileek zerbitzu multzo bat izan dezakete, atseginagoak, azken finean, gizatiarragoak eta langileak automatizazioaren bidez aurreztutako denbora, balio erantsi handiagoko beste zeregin batzuetara bideratu da.

Txostenaren arabera: Adimen artifizialaren eta big-aren erabilera Espainiako enpresetan ORG-TH-002, ORG-TH-003, ORG-TH-004, ORG-TH-005 ) de 2023, adimen artifizialak gorakada nabarmena izan du enpresetan. 11,8 %, 3,5 portzentual puntuak aurreko urtean baino gehiago, big erabiltzen duten enpresak ere hazi egin dira 13,9 %, gora egin du 2,8 aurreko ekitaldiarekiko puntuak. Madril, Valentziako Komunitatea eta Aragoi dira AA enpresa gehien erabiltzen dituzten erkidegoak, % 5eko ehunekoekin 16,8 %, 14 % y 12,7 % hurrenez hurren. Madril da komunitate liderra ere big dataren erabilera zerrendan ( 17 % ) Katalunia eta Errioxarekin batera, bat 16,1 % bi kasuetan.

Adimen artifiziala (IA) agendaren ardatz estrategikoetako bat da PROGRAM-TH-001, ekonomia eta gizartea eraldatzeko duen ahalmen handiagatik. IAk aurreikuspenak hobetzea, eragiketak arintzea eta zerbitzuak pertsonalizatzea ahalbidetzen du. Azken urteotan, Espainiako enpresek IA hartzean aurrerapen bat gertatu da. Hala ere, teknologia hori ezartzeko eta garatzeko tarteak daude oraindik. Big data Espainiako ekonomia digitalizatzeko enpresen adopzioa funtsezkoa den beste tresna bat da. Gelditu 2030, la ORGANIZATION-004 helburu hau ezarri du: 75 % Europako enpresek hodei, makrodatu eta adimen artifizialeko konputazio zerbitzuak hartu dituzte. Bestalde, estrategia PROGRAM-TH-001 ezarri helburu hau: 2025 bat 25 % Espainiako enpresek adimen artifiziala eta big-a erabiltzen dituzte. Espainiako enpresetan big-a eta adimen artifiziala erabiltzeak gora egiten jarraitzen du urtetik urtera, eta helburuetara hurbiltzen jarraitzen du. PROGRAM-TH-001. Beste estatu kideekin alderatuta ORGANIZATION-004, eta datu hauek erabiliz 2021 Komunitate mailan harmonizatuta, Espainia enpresen bidez IAko adopzio-maila ertainean kokatzen zen iaz. Honela, erdiaren berdina zen. ORGANIZATION-004 Baina adierazle honetan herrialde liderren oso azpitik. Espainia, batekin 8 % Danimarkatik urrun zegoen oraindik. 24 % ), Portugal () 17 % ) eta Finlandia () 16 % ). Big Datari dagokionez, urteko datu europarrekin alderatuta 2021 erakutsi du Espainia bost puntu dagoela batezbestekoaren azpitik ORGANIZATION-004, batekin 9 % big data-analisia erabiltzen duten enpresak. Gehiago nabarmentzen dira herrialde handiagoekiko distantziak.

teknologia honen aplikazioa, Maltaren kasua ( 31 % ), Herbehereak 27 % ) edo Danimarka ( 27 % ). Datu horiek kontuan hartuta, erraza da lehen esandakoa ikustea, proiektu honetan zaila ez zen teknologia berriak ezartzea bakarrik, aldaketa kudeatzen ez bazen. Proiektuaren zuzendaritzak onartu zuenez geroztik, teknologia berri honen erabilerari datxekion zailtasun ugari gainditu behar izan ditu, baita azken erabiltzaileek horren ezagutza teknikotik datozenak ere, prestakuntza programa on batek konpondu ezin duen ezer ez. Proiektuaren helburua bezeroen portaera iragartzen lagunduko duten eredu analitikoak eraikitzea zen, enpresaren datu historikoetan oinarrituta, eta tesi honetan zehar horietako batzuk ikusiko ditugu, baita horiek ekoizteko inplementazioak izan duen emaitza ere. Denborarekin lortu diren emaitzak izan dira teknologia baliagarri gertatzen dela erakusteko erarik onena, baita zuzendaritzarentzat eta langileentzat ere.

Dokumentu honetan zehar egingo dugu, COMPANY-002, aldaketa digitaleko prozesu baten bidezko bidaia, datuen erabileraren bidez. Gure abiapuntua enpresaren eragiketari buruzko datu-base bat izango da, baita negozio-adimeneko txosten operatibo batzuk ere, eta horrek adimen artifiziala automatizatzeko proiektu baten arrakasta agerian uzten zuen. Gure lehen geralekua machine learning teknika izango da, eta horren bidez gure lehen erosketarako joera sortu dugu, gure datu-multzoaren aldagai ezberdinen arteko harremanak hobeto ulertzeko. Gero, deep learning teknikatan sartuko gara egituratu gabeko testuei buruz, bezeroen mezuei buruz, eredu berri bat sortzeko aukera emango diguna, funtzionaltasun eta eraldaketarako gaitasun izugarriarekin. Hurrengo geldialdia Language Processing natural eredua sortzea izango da, erosketarako joera modelizatzea are gehiago fintzeko eta etorkizuneko garapenetarako oinarri izateko balioko duena, hala nola bidaia birtualen eragilea. Azkenik, Machine learning teknika aurreratuek, Support Vector Machiinesek adibidez, sailkapen arazoetan lagun diezagukete, zehazki testu baten egilearen generoa detektatzeko eredu bat sortuko dugu. Argi ikus daiteke bidaia analitiko hau COMPANY-002 Etapa-multitudeak gogorra izan arren, esperientzia atsegina izan da, dudarik gabe.

Proiektuan teknologia askeak baino ez dira erabili, eta horrek erakusten du zein maila altua duen subiranotasun digitalak, enpresarenak eta dokumentu honen egilearenak CIOren iragan paperean. Subiranotasun hori, teknologia pribatiboko hornitzaileak alde batera utzita lortu da. Gainera, pyme batentzat, garrantzitsuena dena, software librea erabiltzeak proiektuarekin lotutako kostuak nabarmen murriztea ahalbidetu du, edozein negozio motarentzat interesgarria bihurtuz, tamaina kontuan hartu gabe. Hori da proiektuaren arrakasta, tesi honen egileak egin duena

Enpresa-proiektu bat sortu zuen, bai metodologia eta baita adimen artifizialeko teknologiak ere komertzialki bultzatzeko, hau eta beste negozio-arazo batzuk konpontzeko.

Azkenik, doktore-tesi honek, nahiz eta garrantzi txikiagoa ez izan, autorea erabili du adimen artifizialeko azken tekniken ezarpenean teknologiaz jabetzeko eta horien aditu bihurtzeko. Proiektuaren hasieratik, Moreno-Izquierdo eraldatzeko beste prozesu bat izan du bere karrera profesionalak ( 2024 ) Horrela erakusten du teknologia horiek ez dutela bakarrik erakundeen jarduera aldatuko, baizik eta horiek osatzen dituzten pertsonen jarduera ere bai, aldaketa onartzeko prest badaude.

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