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★ Humour. Contrasts. Full of life. ★ Illustrated edition · 2026 ★ ES / EN / AR / HE
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Chapter 8: Infrastructure

Madrid: life in the streets
Original AI-generated illustration; an artistic interpretation, not a documentary photograph.

If there is something that defines Spain besides flamenco, jamón, and soccer, it is our boundless passion for construction work. Whether it is a small neighborhood renovation or a new road promising to be the envy of Europe—even if it takes ten years longer than planned—we always seem to have a project underway. In this chapter, we will examine the state of infrastructure in Spain from a historical perspective, through the present and anticipating what the future holds. All of it, of course, with plenty of humor, because if there is something Spain never lacks besides construction work, it is the ability to laugh at our own misfortunes—and delays.

Inside this chapter

8.1 The Past: “When the Romans Arrived and Thought: ‘This Needs an Aqueduct’”→8.2 The Middle Ages: “Castles, Cathedrals, and Bridges Connecting Kingdoms… Almost”→8.3 The Nineteenth Century: “Railways… When Trains Were in No Hurry”→8.4 The Golden Age of Asphalt: “Build More Highways—the Car Deserves Them!”→8.5 Never-Ending Construction: “The AVE and the Ghost Airports”→8.6 The Present: “Construction, Bureaucracy, and Unshakable Optimism”→8.7 International Comparisons: “Other Countries Do It Better, but Aren’t Our Construction Projects Entertaining?”→8.8 The Future: “More Construction, but with Drones and Solar Panels”→8.9 Conclusion: “Construction We Are, and Unto Construction We Shall Return”→