The Catholic Church is a deeply hierarchical organization, with a structure that reflects both its pastoral mission and its two-thousand-year history. The hierarchy is organized into three main levels: the Pope, the bishops, and the clergy, with the active collaboration of the laity in the mission of evangelization.
The Pope: The Pope is the Bishop of Rome and the supreme leader of the Catholic Church. He is regarded as the successor of Saint Peter, to whom Jesus entrusted the keys of the Kingdom (Matthew 16:18–19). As such, the Pope has supreme authority in the Church, both in matters of faith and morals and in administration. His role is to ensure the Church’s unity and guide it in its mission of evangelization. Currently, Pope Francis is the 266th successor of Peter.
The Bishops: Bishops are the successors of the apostles and have responsibility for governing and shepherding the dioceses entrusted to them. Each diocese is a local community of the faithful and consists of several parishes. Bishops have authority to teach, sanctify, and govern the faithful under their jurisdiction, and their mission is to ensure that Catholic faith and practice are lived authentically.
The Priests: Priests are the bishops’ collaborators and are charged with serving parish communities. They celebrate the Eucharist, administer the sacraments, and accompany the faithful in their spiritual growth. Priests are also responsible for preaching the Gospel and carrying out works of charity in their parishes.
The Deacons: Deacons have a special role in the service of the Church. They may be permanent deacons (who may be married) or transitional deacons (who are preparing for the priesthood). Their mission is to assist in liturgical service, preach, and carry out works of charity.
The Laity: The laity are members of the Church who do not belong to the clergy but are called to be witnesses to Christ in the world. Although they do not have specific liturgical functions, their role is fundamental in evangelization and in transforming society from within. Through their daily lives, laypeople must bear witness to the Gospel in their families, workplaces, and communities.
